The UAE sent more sophisticated weapons Colombian mercenaries fuel and ammunition via Chad's President Mahamat Idris Dèby Itno ‘Kaka' who was well paid for his services (AC Vol 65 No 21 Mahamat Kaka's Darfur policy starts blowing back)...

At the beginning of the year President Mahamat Kaka was received by his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin in Moscow (AC Vol 65 No 9 President Mahamat considers the Russian bear hug)...

' A few hours earlier France's foreign minister Jean-Noël Barrot had met Mahamat Kaka in the presidential palace...

Only a cluster of people were involved: President Mahamat Kaka; his directeur de cabinet Idriss Saleh Bachar who specialises in digital technology rather than diplomacy; directeur général de la Communication Hasan Bouybery whose Arabic is far better than his French...

And then several groups around President Mahamat Kaka were campaigning to end French influence in Ndjamena...

But Minister Barrot's office insisted on meeting that day imposing a time that coincided with Mahamat Kaka's schedule for prayers and iftar...

Neither did Mahamat Kaka appreciate being lectured on the parliamentary elections scheduled for 28 December...

Military consequencesSince Barrot's ill-fated visit Mahamat Kaka has stepped up his critique of France's military presence in Chad...

In early October when Macron hosted him in Paris Mahamat Kaka called for deeper military cooperation...

In Chad many back Mahamat Kaka's hostility to France but for contradictory reasons...

Officers more supportive of France seem to have been retired or rotated out of operational positions by Mahamat Kaka...

In place of France's role Mahamat Kaka its signing military deals with Hungary Turkey and most of all the United Arab Emirates (AC Vol 65 No 22 From Abu Dhabi with Dirham)...

Providing weapons and finance to Ndjamena UAE officials calculate they can buy off opposition to their support for General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo ‘Hemeti' in Sudan (AC Vol 65 No 21 Mahamat Kaka's Darfur policy starts blowing back)...

Abu Dhabi may now become Mahamat Kaka's biggest protector...

Bilateral talks with Chad's President Mahamat Déby produced an announcement of reinforced collaboration on economic cultural and military issues – reassurance for Paris at a time when Russia is also trying to deepen relations with N'Djamena...

After meeting France's President Emmanuel Macron at the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) in Villers-Cotterêts on 4-5 October Chad's President Mahamat Déby Itno ‘Kaka' rushed to Abu Dhabi where the protocol was less demanding but the funds more abundant...

These elections are symbolically important for Mahamat Kaka as they conclude the three-year transition that started in April 2021 with the creation of the Transitional Military Council...

Cash is also used by Mahamat Kaka to counter resistance in the security and military apparatus...

After firing close associate Idriss Youssouf Boy (IYB) director of the presidential office on 28 September Mahamat Kaka then reshuffled his police and military commanders (AC Vol 65 No 21 Mahamat Kaka's Darfur policy starts blowing back)...

Others say his sacking owes more to Zaghawa politics: IYB was unwilling to take the heat for the killing of opposition leader Yaya Dillo Djérou (a cousin and a rival of Mahamat Kaka)...

Before leaving Ndjamena Mahamat Kaka ordered security officials to restore law and order since the flooding was providing an opportunity for gangs...

The promotions also point to Mahamat Kaka's preference for senior officers who won't argue against his alliance with the UAE and RSF...

With ADDF money now available President Mahamat Kaka says there is no reason to reschedule local and parliamentary elections...

Within Chad's Zaghawa communities especially the Bideyat or Béri people the opponents of President Mahamat Kaka are trying to capitalise on the El Fasher fight...

They say that Hemeti's military strength depends on President Mahamat Kaka helping the United Arab Emirates transport arms to the RSF as documented by the New York Times last month (AC Vol 65 No 15 As the civil war threatens the region the UAE boosts Hemeti's militia)...

In February Mahamat Kaka's cousin and political rival Yaya Dillo Djérou was killed in a clash with the FIR that his supporters say was a targeted assassination (AC Vol 65 No 6 Kaka paves a hard road to sham poll)...

Ousmane also insists that his followers are willing to return to Chad and make Mahamat Kaka pay for his support for Hemeti...

These splits within the Zaghawa over alignments in Darfur are threatening Mahamat Kaka...

A senior security official from the Abu Dhabi government accompanied Mahamat Kaka on his trip to meet France's President Emmanuel Macron last year (AC Vol 64 No 23 Presidents Mahamat Kaka and Macron meet on security threats)...

All this has encouraged political factions wanting to overthrow Mahamat Kaka to form a broad-based opposition in Chad...

Minni Minawi the leader of the Sudanese Liberation Army was invited to Paris by France's Direction Générale sécurité de la extérieure (DGSE) which has hosted Mahamat Kaka and his Emirati security advisor last October...

After that Minawi went to Nigeria for a lengthy meeting with emissaries of Mahamat Kaka...

These efforts to engineer some kind of rapprochement between the Darfur leaders and Mahamat Kaka suggest that the UAE which is coming under growing pressure behind the scenes may start to rein in its support for Hemeti...

If that happens Mahamat Kaka could lose both his sponsorship from Abu Dhabi and the ability to pay off his opponents...

This may explain why in recent weeks Mahamat Kaka has warmed up relations with France and the United States...

The sacking of Idriss Youssouf Boy (IYB) who headed Mahamat Kaka's office at the presidency seems to be collateral damage for this latest policy shift...

A close friend and confidant of Mahamat Kaka's since childhood IYB's loyalty to the President prompted opponents to nickname him 'Makambo'...

IYB was Mahamat Kaka's private secretary from April 2021 to June 2022...

By dismissing his close ally IYB Mahamat Kaka may want to acknowledge the Zaghawa criticism of his alliance with Abu Dhabi; and that he is not a prisoner of this policy...

Mahamat Kaka might also have wanted to make concessions to those western governments criticising IYB's handling of public finances and involvement in embezzlement and trafficking...

When Mahamat Kaka visited the Elysée Palace in February he was told that IYB was not welcome...

Now in disgrace IYB is being targeted by his foes as responsible for the multiple failures of Mahamat Kaka's rule since 2021...

Should Mahamat Kaka want to play the populist card tilting to an anti-western stance again ahead of the parliamentary elections in December IYB would be a useful apparatchik...

Its leadership claims its neutral and continues to flatter the United Arab Emirates ruling class which thinks it has bought enough petro-dollar influence with President Mahamat Idris Déby Itno's shaky regime in Ndjamena (AC Vol 65 No 2 Mahamat Kaka co-opts Succès in pre-election campaign)...

Mahamat Kaka had mobilised all the resources of the state to win and his many 'bureaux de soutien' – roadside booths distributing cash for votes – spent heavily...

But Masra's electoral meetings in Moundou and Abéché were so successful that he departed from the script imagining that he could poll more votes than Mahamat Kaka – which he probably did – and turn his imaginary contest into a real bid for power...

Once he had been co-opted by Mahamat Kaka and appointed prime minister on 1 January – and especially after the murder on 28 February of Yaya Dillo Djérou who had helped him flee the country in October 2022 – he had nothing bad to say about the obviously manipulated electoral institutions until late in the campaign...

This was enough to scare Mahamat Kaka and ANGE excluded most of the 2 900 election monitors trained by the EU...

Mahamat Kaka acted quickly...

At no point did he call for the release of over 80 members of his Les Transformateurs party who were arrested after trying to act as observers at the count let alone doubt the legitimacy of ANGE or the Constitutional Court whose members had been appointed by Mahamat Kaka...

Mahamat Kaka's father used we hear to demand to see the genuine voting figures despite announcing the results he had decided on...

It is further evidence that Mahamat Kaka values familiarity and the comfort of his entourage to real-world skills...